Magento Pricing

Price Types

-- Base price (stored in EAV)
SELECT value AS price FROM catalog_product_entity_decimal
WHERE entity_id = 123 AND attribute_id = 75 AND store_id = 0;
+--------+
| price  |
+--------+
| 29.9900|
+--------+

-- Special price (discounted)
SELECT value AS special_price FROM catalog_product_entity_decimal
WHERE entity_id = 123 AND attribute_id = 76 AND store_id = 0;
+---------------+
| special_price |
+---------------+
| 24.9900       |
+---------------+

-- Special price dates
SELECT value AS special_from FROM catalog_product_entity_datetime
WHERE entity_id = 123 AND attribute_id = 101 AND store_id = 0;
+---------------------+
| special_from        |
+---------------------+
| 2024-01-01 00:00:00 |
+---------------------+

Price Attributes

Price Configuration

// Set base price
$product->setPrice(29.99);

// Set special price
$product->setSpecialPrice(24.99);

// Set special price dates
$product->setSpecialFromDate('2024-01-01');
$product->setSpecialToDate('2024-12-31');

// Get final price (considers special price)
$finalPrice = $product->getFinalPrice();

// Get price without tax
$price = $product->getPrice();

Tier Pricing (Quantity Discounts)

// Set tier prices
$tierPrices = [
    [
        'website_id' => 0,
        'cust_group' => 1,  // General group
        'price_qty' => 10,
        'price' => 25.00,
    ],
    [
        'website_id' => 0,
        'cust_group' => 1,
        'price_qty' => 50,
        'price' => 20.00,
    ],
];

$product->setData('tier_price', $tierPrices);
$product->save();

Tier Price Calculation

Product price: $29.99
Tier 1: 10+ qty → $25.00 (17% off)
Tier 2: 50+ qty → $20.00 (33% off)

Example: Customer buys 25 units
  Base: 25 × $29.99 = $749.75
  Tier 1: 25 × $25.00 = $625.00
  Savings: $124.75 (17%)

Group Price

// Set group prices
$groupPrices = [
    [
        'cust_group' => 1,  // General
        'price' => 27.00,
    ],
    [
        'cust_group' => 2,  // Wholesale
        'price' => 22.00,
    ],
];

$product->setData('group_price', $groupPrices);
$product->save();

Price Hierarchy

Final Price Calculation:
1. Base price
2. Special price (if active)
3. Group price (if applicable)
4. Tier price (if quantity qualifies)
5. Catalog price rules (if applicable)
6. Cart price rules (coupons)

Priority: Special → Group → Tier → Rules

Price Index Structure

-- catalog_product_index_price
SELECT * FROM catalog_product_index_price
WHERE entity_id = 123 AND customer_group_id = 0 AND website_id = 1;
+-----------+-------------------+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
| entity_id | customer_group_id | website_id | price | final_price | min_price |
+-----------+-------------------+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
|       123 |                 0 |         1 | 29.99 |    29.99 |    29.99 |
+-----------+-------------------+-----------+-------+-------+--------+

-- With special price
+-----------+-------------------+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
| entity_id | customer_group_id | website_id | price | final_price | min_price |
+-----------+-------------------+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
|       123 |                 0 |         1 | 29.99 |    24.99 |    24.99 |
+-----------+-------------------+-----------+-------+-------+--------+

-- With tier price
+-----------+-------------------+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
| entity_id | customer_group_id | website_id | price | final_price | min_price |
+-----------+-------------------+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
|       123 |                 0 |         1 | 29.99 |    24.99 |    20.00 |
+-----------+-------------------+-----------+-------+-------+--------+

Index Columns

Reindex Prices

# Reindex product prices
bin/magento indexer:reindex catalog_product_price

# Check status
bin/magento indexer:status catalog_product_price

# Set mode
bin/magento indexer:set-mode realtime catalog_product_price
bin/magento indexer:set-mode schedule catalog_product_price

Price Query with Index

// Use index for fast price access
$collection = $productCollection->create();
$collection->addAttributeToSelect(['name', 'sku'])
    ->joinPriceIndex() // Joins index table
    ->addFieldToFilter('price', ['gteq' => 10])
    ->addFieldToFilter('price', ['lteq' => 50]);

// Without index: multiple EAV JOINs
// With index: single JOIN on flat price table

Price Display

// Get formatted price
$formattedPrice = $priceCurrency->format($product->getFinalPrice());
// Returns: $29.99

// Get price range (configurable)
$minPrice = $product->getPriceInfo()->getPrice('final_price')->getMinimalPrice();
$maxPrice = $product->getPriceInfo()->getPrice('final_price')->getMaximalPrice();
// Returns: $24.99 - $29.99

// Check if price includes tax
$priceIncludesTax = $taxHelper->priceIncludesTax();

Currency Configuration

// Get current currency
$currency = $storeManager->getStore()->getCurrentCurrencyCode();
// Returns: USD

// Convert price
$basePrice = 29.99;
$convertedPrice = $currency->convert($basePrice);

// Get currency symbol
$symbol = $currency->getCurrencySymbol();
// Returns: $

Price Rules

// Catalog price rules
// Admin > Marketing > Catalog Price Rules

// Cart price rules (coupons)
// Admin > Marketing > Cart Price Rules

// Apply rule
$rule = $objectManager->get(
    \Magento\SalesRule\Model\RuleFactory::class
)->create();

$rule->setName('10% Off')
    ->setDiscountAmount(10)
    ->setDiscountType('by_percent')
    ->save();

Price Configuration

<!-- Price display settings -->
<config>
    <default>
        <catalog>
            <price>
                <tax>inc</tax>  <!-- inc, exc, both -->
            </price>
        </catalog>
        <tax>
            <defaults>
                <tax_display_type>3</tax_display_type>
                <!-- 1=excl, 2=incl, 3=both -->
            </defaults>
        </tax>
    </default>
</config>

Best Practices

1. Use price indices for fast reads
2. Set appropriate customer group prices
3. Use tier pricing for bulk discounts
4. Configure tax display correctly
5. Test special price date ranges
6. Monitor price index freshness
7. Use catalog price rules for promotions