Capstone - Requirements Gathering

Requirements Workflow

Business Stakeholders
        │
        â–¼
┌───────────────────┐
│  Discovery Phase  │
│  (Interviews)     │
└─────────┬─────────┘
          │
          â–¼
┌───────────────────┐
│  Documentation    │
│  (BRD, User       │
│  Stories)         │
└─────────┬─────────┘
          │
          â–¼
┌───────────────────┐
│  Technical        │
│  Translation      │
│  (Specs, ADRs)    │
└─────────┬─────────┘
          │
          â–¼
┌───────────────────┐
│  Validation       │
│  (Review, Signoff)│
└───────────────────┘

Business Requirements Document Template

# Business Requirements Document
## Project: [Project Name]

### 1. Executive Summary
- Project vision and objectives
- Business value proposition
- Success criteria

### 2. Business Context
- Current state analysis
- Pain points and challenges
- Market/competitive landscape

### 3. Stakeholder Analysis
| Stakeholder     | Role              | Interest          | Influence |
|-----------------|-------------------|-------------------|-----------|
| CEO             | Sponsor           | Revenue growth    | High      |
| Marketing       | Business owner    | Customer experience| Medium   |
| Operations      | Daily user        | Efficiency        | High      |
| IT              | Technical owner   | Maintainability   | Medium    |

### 4. Functional Requirements
- Feature catalog
- User stories
- Acceptance criteria

### 5. Non-Functional Requirements
- Performance targets
- Security requirements
- Scalability needs
- Availability SLA

### 6. Constraints and Assumptions
- Budget limitations
- Timeline constraints
- Technology stack
- Resource availability

### 7. Risk Assessment
- Technical risks
- Business risks
- Mitigation strategies

Stakeholder Interview Template

## Interview: [Stakeholder Name]
**Date:** [Date]
**Role:** [Role]

### Business Goals
1. What are the primary business objectives for this project?
2. How does this project align with company strategy?
3. What does success look like?

### Current Pain Points
1. What challenges do you face with the current system?
2. What processes are inefficient?
3. What are the biggest time wasters?

### Requirements
1. What features are must-haves vs nice-to-haves?
2. Are there specific metrics you want to improve?
3. What integrations are critical?

### Constraints
1. Budget limitations?
2. Timeline expectations?
3. Resource availability?
4. Regulatory/compliance requirements?

### Success Metrics
1. KPIs to measure success
2. Baseline numbers
3. Target improvements

User Story Format

As a [user type]
I want to [action/goal]
So that [benefit/value]

Acceptance Criteria:
- Given [context], when [action], then [result]
- Given [context], when [action], then [result]
- Given [context], when [action], then [result]

E-Commerce User Stories

## Epic: Product Catalog

### Story: Product Search
As a customer
I want to search for products by name, SKU, or category
So that I can quickly find what I'm looking for

**Acceptance Criteria:**
- Given I am on any page, when I type in the search bar, then autocomplete shows suggestions
- Given I enter a search query, when results load, then products are sorted by relevance
- Given I search for a product, when results display, then I see product image, name, price, and availability
- Given I search for a non-existent product, when results load, then I see "No results found" with suggestions

**Priority:** High
**Story Points:** 8
**Sprint:** 1

---

### Story: Add to Cart
As a customer
I want to add products to my shopping cart
So that I can purchase multiple items

**Acceptance Criteria:**
- Given I am viewing a product, when I click "Add to Cart", then the product is added to my cart
- Given I add a configurable product, when I select options, then the correct variant is added
- Given I add a product, when cart updates, then I see a confirmation notification
- Given I add a product, when I view cart, then I see correct quantity and price
- Given I add out-of-stock product, when I click "Add to Cart", then I see an error message

**Priority:** Critical
**Story Points:** 5
**Sprint:** 1

---

### Story: Checkout Process
As a customer
I want to complete my purchase quickly and securely
So that I receive my products

**Acceptance Criteria:**
- Given I have items in cart, when I proceed to checkout, then I see shipping address form
- Given I complete shipping, when I proceed, then I see available shipping methods with prices
- Given I select shipping method, when I proceed, then I see payment options
- Given I complete payment, when I place order, then I receive order confirmation
- Given I complete checkout, when order is placed, then I receive email confirmation
- Given I checkout as guest, when I complete order, then I can track without account

**Priority:** Critical
**Story Points:** 13
**Sprint:** 2

Acceptance Criteria Examples

## Given/When/Then Format

### Scenario: Product Search with Filters
**Given** I am on the product listing page
**When** I select the "Electronics" category filter
**And** I set price range to $50-$200
**Then** I see only electronics products priced between $50 and $200
**And** the product count updates to reflect filtered results
**And** the URL updates with filter parameters

### Scenario: Cart Persistence
**Given** I have items in my cart
**When** I close the browser
**And** I return to the store
**Then** my cart items are preserved
**And** quantities remain unchanged
**And** prices reflect current pricing

### Scenario: Order Email
**Given** I have successfully placed an order
**When** the order is confirmed
**Then** I receive an order confirmation email
**And** the email contains order number
**And** the email contains item list with quantities and prices
**And** the email contains shipping address
**And** the email contains estimated delivery date

Technical Specification Template

# Technical Specification
## Feature: [Feature Name]

### 1. Overview
- Business context from BRD
- Technical approach summary
- Impact on existing systems

### 2. Architecture Impact
- New modules/components
- Modified existing components
- Database changes
- API changes

### 3. Data Model Changes

#### New Tables
```sql
CREATE TABLE vendor_feature_entity (
    entity_id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    status SMALLINT DEFAULT 1,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=innodb DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

Modified Tables

ALTER TABLE catalog_product_entity
ADD COLUMN vendor_feature_id INT UNSIGNED NULL,
ADD FOREIGN KEY (vendor_feature_id) REFERENCES vendor_feature_entity(entity_id);

4. API Design

REST Endpoints

GET    /V1/vendor/feature/:id     → Get feature
POST   /V1/vendor/feature         → Create feature
PUT    /V1/vendor/feature/:id     → Update feature
DELETE /V1/vendor/feature/:id     → Delete feature
GET    /V1/vendor/feature/list    → List features

GraphQL Schema

type Query {
    vendorFeature(id: ID!): VendorFeature
    vendorFeatures(filter: VendorFeatureFilterInput): VendorFeatureSearchResult
}

type Mutation {
    createVendorFeature(input: CreateVendorFeatureInput!): VendorFeature
}

5. Module Structure

app/code/Vendor/Feature/
├── registration.php
├── etc/
│   ├── module.xml
│   ├── webapi.xml
│   ├── schema.graphqls
│   └── di.xml
├── Api/
├── Model/
├── Controller/
└── view/

6. Performance Considerations

• Expected load: X requests/second
• Response time target: <200ms
• Cache strategy: Redis + Varnish
• Database optimization: Indexes, query optimization

7. Security Requirements

• ACL permissions
• Input validation
• SQL injection prevention
• XSS protection

8. Testing Strategy

• Unit tests: Service layer
• Integration tests: API endpoints
• Functional tests: User flows
• Performance tests: Load testing

## Architecture Decision Record (ADR)

```markdown
# ADR-001: Use Message Queue for Async Processing

## Status
Accepted

## Context
We need to process inventory updates asynchronously to avoid blocking the main request flow during high-traffic periods.

## Decision
We will use RabbitMQ with Magento's message queue framework for async inventory processing.

## Consequences
### Positive
- Non-blocking inventory updates
- Better fault tolerance
- Scalable consumer count

### Negative
- Eventual consistency for inventory
- Additional infrastructure (RabbitMQ)
- More complex debugging

### Risks
- Message loss during broker failure
- Consumer backlog during high load

## Alternatives Considered
1. **Synchronous processing** - Rejected due to performance concerns
2. **Redis queues** - Rejected due to persistence requirements
3. **Database polling** - Rejected due to scalability limitations

Sprint Planning Template

# Sprint [Number] Plan
**Duration:** [Start Date] - [End Date]
**Sprint Goal:** [Goal]

## Committed Stories
| Story            | Points | Assignee | Status   |
|------------------|--------|----------|----------|
| Product Search   | 8      | Dev 1    | Not Started |
| Add to Cart      | 5      | Dev 2    | Not Started |
| Cart Display     | 3      | Dev 1    | Not Started |

## Sprint Capacity
- Team members: 3
- Available days: 10 per person
- Total capacity: 30 story points
- Committed: 16 points
- Buffer: 14 points (for bugs, meetings, etc.)

## Dependencies
- Design approval for search UI
- API mockups from UX team
- Test environment setup

## Risks
- Third-party search API integration delays
- Design changes mid-sprint

## Definition of Done
- [ ] Code complete
- [ ] Unit tests passing
- [ ] Code review approved
- [ ] Integration tests passing
- [ ] Documentation updated
- [ ] Deployed to staging

Story Point Estimation

## Fibonacci Estimation Scale

| Points | Description                            | Example                          |
|--------|----------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| 1      | Trivial, < 1 hour                     | Fix typo in config               |
| 2      | Simple, 1-3 hours                      | Add simple field to form         |
| 3      | Small, 3-8 hours                       | Create basic CRUD module         |
| 5      | Medium, 1-2 days                       | Implement API with validation    |
| 8      | Large, 2-3 days                        | Complex search with filters      |
| 13     | Very large, 3-5 days                   | Full checkout customization      |
| 21     | Epic, 1-2 weeks                        | ERP integration module           |
| 34+    | Too large, needs splitting             | Split into smaller stories       |

Project Timeline

Project: Magento Custom E-Commerce Platform
Duration: 16 weeks

Week 1-2: Discovery & Planning
  ├── Stakeholder interviews
  ├── Requirements documentation
  ├── Technical specification
  └── Architecture design

Week 3-4: Foundation
  ├── Module scaffolding
  ├── Database schema
  ├── Base API structure
  └── Development environment

Week 5-8: Core Features (Sprint 1-4)
  ├── Product catalog
  ├── Search functionality
  ├── Shopping cart
  ├── Checkout process
  └── Order management

Week 9-12: Advanced Features (Sprint 5-8)
  ├── ERP integration
  ├── Inventory sync
  ├── Payment integration
  ├── Shipping methods
  └── Custom admin panel

Week 13-14: Testing & Optimization
  ├── Integration testing
  ├── Performance testing
  ├── Security audit
  └── Bug fixes

Week 15-16: Deployment & Launch
  ├── Staging deployment
  ├── UAT
  ├── Production deployment
  └── Post-launch monitoring

Risk Register

# Risk Register

| ID | Risk                    | Probability | Impact | Mitigation                          |
|----|-------------------------|-------------|--------|-------------------------------------|
| R1 | Third-party API delays  | High        | Medium | Early integration, fallback plan    |
| R2 | Scope creep            | High        | High   | Strict change control process       |
| R3 | Performance issues     | Medium      | High   | Early load testing, optimization    |
| R4 | Key resource departure | Low         | High   | Knowledge sharing, documentation    |
| R5 | Data migration issues  | Medium      | High   | Thorough testing, rollback plan     |
| R6 | Security vulnerabilities| Medium      | High   | Security audit, penetration testing |

Definition of Done

## Definition of Done (DoD)

### Code
- [ ] Code follows PSR-12 coding standards
- [ ] No PHPStan level 8 errors
- [ ] No critical PHPCodeSniffer violations
- [ ] Unit tests written and passing (>80% coverage)
- [ ] Code reviewed and approved by peer

### Functionality
- [ ] All acceptance criteria met
- [ ] Integration tests passing
- [ ] No critical bugs
- [ ] Works in all supported browsers
- [ ] Mobile responsive

### Documentation
- [ ] Code documentation (PHPDoc)
- [ ] API documentation updated
- [ ] User guide updated (if applicable)

### Deployment
- [ ] Deployed to staging environment
- [ ] QA tested on staging
- [ ] Performance benchmarks met
- [ ] No regression in existing features

### Security
- [ ] Input validation implemented
- [ ] CSRF protection enabled
- [ ] XSS prevention in place
- [ ] ACL permissions configured