Backup Strategies

Backup Types

Type          | Description              | Use Case
──────────────|──────────────────────────|─────────────
Full          | Complete database        | Weekly backup
Incremental   | Changes since last       | Daily backup
Differential  | Changes since full       | Daily backup
Snapshot       | Point-in-time copy      | Continuous

MySQL Backup Commands

# Full backup
mysqldump -u root -p --single-transaction \
  --routines --triggers --events \
  magento > magento_full_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql

# Compressed backup
mysqldump -u root -p --single-transaction \
  --routines --triggers --events \
  magento | gzip > magento_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql.gz

# Backup to S3
mysqldump -u root -p --single-transaction magento | \
  gzip | aws s3 cp - s3://backups/mysql/magento_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql.gz

Backup Scheduling

# crontab entries
# Full backup every Sunday at 2 AM
0 2 * * 0 /usr/local/bin/mysql-backup.sh full

# Incremental backup daily at 2 AM
0 2 * * 1-6 /usr/local/bin/mysql-backup.sh incremental

# Cleanup old backups
0 3 * * * /usr/local/bin/cleanup-backups.sh 30

Magento File Backup

# Backup codebase
tar -czf /backup/magento_code_$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz \
  --exclude=var --exclude=pub/static \
  /var/www/magento

# Backup media
tar -czf /backup/magento_media_$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz \
  /var/www/magento/pub/media

# Backup configuration
tar -czf /backup/magento_config_$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz \
  /var/www/magento/app/etc

Automated File Backup

#!/bin/bash
# backup_files.sh

BACKUP_DIR="/backup/magento"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
S3_BUCKET="s3://backups/magento"

# Create backup
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR/files_$DATE.tar.gz \
  --exclude=var --exclude=pub/static/_cache \
  /var/www/magento

# Upload to S3
aws s3 cp $BACKUP_DIR/files_$DATE.tar.gz $S3_BUCKET/

# Cleanup local (keep 7 days)
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "files_*.tar.gz" -mtime +7 -delete

Incremental File Backup

# Using rsync for incremental backups
rsync -av --delete \
  --link-dest=/backup/magento/latest \
  /var/www/magento/ \
  /backup/magento/incremental_$(date +%Y%m%d)/

# Update latest symlink
ln -s /backup/magento/incremental_$(date +%Y%m%d) \
  /backup/magento/latest

Verification Procedures

#!/bin/bash
# verify_backup.sh

BACKUP_FILE=$1

# 1. Check file integrity
echo "=== Checking file integrity ==="
if ! gzip -t $BACKUP_FILE; then
    echo "FAIL: Corrupt backup file"
    exit 1
fi

# 2. Test restore to temporary database
echo "=== Testing restore ==="
mysql -u root -p -e "CREATE DATABASE magento_test;"
zcat $BACKUP_FILE | mysql -u root -p magento_test

# 3. Verify table count
echo "=== Verifying tables ==="
TABLE_COUNT=$(mysql -u root -p -N -e \
  "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.tables \
  WHERE table_schema='magento_test';")
echo "Tables restored: $TABLE_COUNT"

# 4. Verify data integrity
echo "=== Checking data ==="
PRODUCT_COUNT=$(mysql -u root -p -N -e \
  "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM magento_test.catalog_product_entity;")
echo "Products: $PRODUCT_COUNT"

# 5. Cleanup
mysql -u root -p -e "DROP DATABASE magento_test;"

echo "=== Verification complete ==="

Verification Schedule

Check Type      | Frequency | Method
────────────────|───────────|──────────────
File integrity  | Daily     | gzip -t
Restore test    | Weekly    | Restore to test
Data validation | Weekly    | Count records
Full DR test    | Monthly   | Complete restore

Backup Pipeline

1. Trigger: Cron schedule or manual
2. Backup: MySQL dump + file archive
3. Compress: gzip or zstd
4. Encrypt: AES-256
5. Upload: S3 with versioning
6. Verify: Integrity check
7. Notify: Success/failure alert
8. Cleanup: Remove old local backups

Encrypted Backup

# Backup with encryption
mysqldump -u root -p magento | \
  gzip | \
  openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -salt \
  -pass pass:$BACKUP_KEY \
  -out /backup/magento_encrypted_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql.gz.enc

# Restore encrypted backup
openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -d \
  -pass pass:$BACKUP_KEY \
  -in /backup/magento_encrypted_20260101.sql.gz.enc | \
  gunzip | mysql -u root -p magento

Backup Monitoring

# Alert on backup failure
if ! /usr/local/bin/mysql-backup.sh full; then
    echo "Backup failed at $(date)" | \
      mail -s "ALERT: Backup Failed" ops@example.com
fi

# Monitor backup age
LATEST=$(ls -t /backup/mysql/*.sql.gz | head -1)
AGE=$(( ($(date +%s) - $(stat -c %Y $LATEST)) / 3600 ))
if [ $AGE -gt 25 ]; then
    echo "WARNING: Latest backup is ${AGE}h old"
fi